8.8.1 finger

The finger service looks up information about users. This information may include the person's real name, username, and information about when they most recently logged in and where they logged in from. finger can also be used to show the list of all users currently logged into a host. finger is designed to allow people to find each other, but it gives out more information than you probably want to make available. Intruders find it invaluable; it will tell them what the valid usernames on the host are, which of them are not in use, and when people are logged in who are likely to notice their activity.

We recommend that you limit incoming finger requests to a bastion host, and that you run a replacement finger server on that host. Chapter 5 discusses how to construct and install a replacement finger server.

Outgoing finger requests are also mildly problematic. The finger protocol has no command channel to the client, so command channel attacks are nonexistent, but data-driven attacks are possible. Most common finger clients do no filtering on the data they receive from the server. The attacks possible through this data channel are mostly annoyances; the nasty finger server sends back immense amounts of data or makes your terminal beep 400 times and start displaying black letters on a black background. Some of them are more serious. There are terminals that are programmable with control characters, so that a finger server can send back data that reprograms the "e" key so that it executes the command "rm -rf/*" or a command that mails your password file off. Such terminals are not particularly widespread these days (the most popular terminal emulators don't support this kind of thing), but they still exist, and so do terminal emulators that are overly faithful and reproduce these behaviors. If you are using intelligent terminals, or terminal emulators set up to emulate mainframe terminals with programmable function keys, you may be vulnerable.

In general, data-driven attacks on finger are not a major concern, but if your users frequently use finger to external sites - particularly universities, which have lots of people who still think making your terminal beep 400 times is amusing - you may want to run a replacement finger client that filters out control characters and limits the amount of returned data it will accept. [27]

[27] This will prevent you from appreciating the cleverness of people who have managed to put animations in their .plan files using only VT100 control sequences, but that's not a major loss.

A modified finger with an extended protocol is available from the GNU Project. This version of finger supports some useful features for large sites (for example, it lets one machine keep track of the most recent login times for an entire network, so that users are not constantly complaining that they're incorrect), but it does not include any security enhancements on either the server or the client ends. Several pieces of information it makes available are clearly undesirable to provide to attackers (for example, it will provide a list of machines that are idle and/or have no users logged in). The security implications of the extended protocol it uses are unclear.

8.8.2 whois

whois is another information-lookup protocol, much like finger . It is commonly used to obtain public information about hosts, networks, domains, and the people who manage them from various Network Information Centers ( NIC s, such as rs.internic.net ). Sites generally don't provide their own whois server; they merely access the whois servers at the NIC s. People don't expect other sites to run whois servers (in fact, the user doesn't ordinarily specify a server when he runs whois ; instead, the program uses a server that was specified when it was compiled).

The data that is available via whois is not necessarily of much interest to normal users. Although long-time Internet users may believe otherwise, whois provides data about only a fraction of the people on the Internet. Unless you're looking for information about somebody who runs a site, whois probably isn't going to tell you anything useful, and what it does tell you may not be up to date. At most sites, the only people who have any use for it are system and network administrators. Many NIC s also make much of this data available via other methods, such as the World Wide Web.

On the other hand, there have been no known security problems with whois clients and any that occurred would have to be data-driven. (All that a whois server can do to a client is to return data.) Because whois is almost never used with arbitrary servers, in order to do any real damage somebody who manages to find a data-driven bug in a whois client would have to compromise, subvert, or forge packets from the most frequently used and most secure machines on the Internet. Furthermore, while finger shows data that was entered by random users, whois pulls its information from a central database. Therefore, if your users want to use whois clients, there's no reason to prevent them. If they don't have any particular desire to use whois , there's no reason to make it available.